Jade
| Property | Details |
|---|
| Mineral | Jadeite (pyroxene) or Nephrite (amphibole) |
| Mohs Hardness | 6 – 7 (nephrite), 6.5 – 7 (jadeite) |
| Refractive Index | 1.600 – 1.688 |
| Birthstone | Not a traditional birthstone |
| Major Sources | Myanmar (jadeite), Canada, China, New Zealand (nephrite) |
| Treatments | Polymer impregnation (Type B), dyeing (Type C) |
Overview
Jade is one of the most culturally significant gemstones in human history, treasured for over 7,000 years across civilizations from China and Mesoamerica to New Zealand. The word “jade” actually encompasses two distinct minerals—jadeite and nephrite—that share a similar appearance but differ in composition, rarity, and value. Both are exceptionally tough gemstones, making them ideal for carving and jewelry that withstands generations of wear.
Jadeite vs Nephrite
Jadeite is the rarer and more valuable of the two. It occurs in a wider range of colors, takes a higher polish, and achieves the coveted translucent “imperial” quality. Nearly all fine jadeite comes from Myanmar (Burma). Nephrite is more abundant and slightly softer, ranging from creamy white (“mutton fat” jade) through dark spinach green. Major nephrite sources include British Columbia in Canada, China’s Xinjiang province, and New Zealand, where it is known as pounamu and sacred to the Māori people.
Colors & Varieties
Imperial jade: The most prized variety—vivid, slightly bluish green jadeite with fine translucency. Top-quality imperial jade rivals emerald in per-carat price. Lavender jade: Delicate purple jadeite, increasingly popular in modern designs. White jade: Prized nephrite, especially the “mutton fat” variety treasured in Chinese culture. Black jade: Deep green-to-black nephrite used in Maori carving and contemporary jewelry. Yellow and red jade: Less common varieties colored by iron impurities.
Type Classification
Jade is classified by treatment level. Type A jade is completely natural with no chemical treatment—only wax polishing, which is standard and accepted. Type B jade has been bleached with acid and impregnated with polymer resin to improve transparency and color. Type C jade has been dyed to enhance or change color. Type A jade commands the highest prices, while B and C types are significantly less valuable. Always ask for certification when purchasing fine jade.
Quality & Value Factors
For jadeite, the most important factors are color (vivid, evenly distributed green), transparency (the more translucent, the better), texture (fine-grained and smooth), and treatment status (Type A only for investment-grade). For nephrite, an even color, smooth texture, and freedom from dark spots or veining determine value. The toughness of both types—jade is actually tougher than diamond due to its interlocking crystal structure—makes it ideal for bangles, carvings, and cabochon jewelry.
Care & Cleaning
Despite its toughness, jade is sensitive to chemicals and sudden temperature changes. Clean with warm soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners, steam cleaners, and all harsh chemicals. Type B jade requires extra caution, as solvents can damage the polymer filler. Store jade separately to prevent scratches from harder gemstones like diamond and sapphire.