About Pearls
Pearls are one of nature's most extraordinary gems. Unlike diamonds, sapphires, and other gemstones that are mined from the earth, pearls are created by living organisms—mollusks that coat an irritant with layer after layer of lustrous nacre over months or years. This organic origin gives every pearl a unique character and a soft, warm glow that no other gemstone can replicate.
For centuries pearls were among the rarest and most expensive gems in the world, reserved for royalty and the very wealthy. The development of pearl culturing in the early 20th century made these beautiful gems accessible to everyone, and today cultured pearls are available in a remarkable variety of types, sizes, shapes, and colors to suit every taste and budget.
Types of Cultured Pearls
There are five major categories of cultured pearls, each with its own distinctive characteristics:
Akoya Pearls — The classic cultured pearl. Known for exceptional roundness and mirror-like luster, Akoya pearls range from 2 to 9 mm and are the standard for traditional pearl necklaces and stud earrings. Primarily farmed in Japan.
South Sea Pearls — The largest and most valuable cultured pearls. Ranging from 10 to 20 mm, South Sea pearls are prized for their extraordinary size, satiny luster, and thick nacre. Available in white, silver, and golden tones. Farmed in Australia, Indonesia, and the Philippines.
Tahitian Pearls — Often called black pearls, Tahitian pearls are the only variety that naturally produces dark body colors with dramatic overtones of peacock green, aubergine, and deep blue. Ranging from 8 to 15 mm, they are cultivated in French Polynesia.
Freshwater Pearls — The most versatile and affordable pearl variety. Freshwater pearls come in a wide range of natural colors including white, pink, peach, and lavender. Composed of solid nacre throughout, they offer excellent durability and value.
Mabe Pearls — Distinctive dome-shaped half pearls grown against the inside of the oyster shell. Their large face-up size and flat back make them ideal for earrings, pendants, and brooches at an accessible price point.
How to Evaluate Pearl Quality
Regardless of type, all pearls are evaluated by the same fundamental quality factors:
Luster is the most important factor—the brightness and depth of light reflected from the pearl's surface. The finest pearls display a sharp, bright glow with a sense of depth. Avoid pearls that appear dull, milky, or chalky.
Surface Quality refers to the presence of blemishes such as spots, bumps, or wrinkles. All natural pearls have some surface characteristics, but fewer and smaller blemishes indicate higher quality.
Shape ranges from perfectly round (most valuable) through near-round, oval, drop, button, and baroque. While round pearls command the highest prices, well-formed baroque pearls with exceptional luster can be strikingly beautiful.
Size is measured in millimeters. Larger pearls are rarer and more valuable within each pearl type. Remember that size standards vary between types—a large Akoya pearl (9 mm) is smaller than an average South Sea pearl.
Color includes body color, overtone, and orient. The best color is a matter of personal preference, though certain combinations are traditionally more valued within each pearl type.
Caring for Your Pearls
Pearls are organic gems that require gentle care to maintain their beauty. Follow the last on, first off rule—put pearl jewelry on after applying perfume, hairspray, and cosmetics, and remove it first at the end of the day. Wipe pearls with a soft, damp cloth after each wearing. Store them in a soft pouch away from harder jewelry that could scratch the nacre. Avoid contact with household chemicals, chlorine, and acidic substances. Have pearl strands professionally restrung every one to two years. With proper care, fine pearls will maintain their luster for generations.
Shop Pearl Jewelry
USA Jewels offers a curated selection of pearl jewelry including pearl earrings, pearl necklaces, pearl pendants, pearl bracelets, and pearl rings. Each piece features carefully selected pearls with natural luster and color, set in fine gold and platinum mountings.